Read -p "Enter Ip Address: " Ip_addr
An IP (Internet Protocol) Accost is an alphanumeric label assigned to computers and other devices that connect to a network using an internet protocol. This address allows these devices to ship and receive data over the internet.
Every device that is capable of connecting to the internet has a unique IP address. Information technology'south similar to a home mailing address—by this unique address, information tin can go to the location specified.
Cease users don't demand to know the ins and outs of IP addresses. But in the same way a mailman needs to know more than about mailing addresses, a network ambassador or It employee needs to know the technical details behind IP addresses for managing networks.
IP addresses are not random. They are mathematically produced and allocated past the Cyberspace Assigned Numbers Authority.
How IP addresses work
The IP communicates using set guidelines to laissez passer along information. Devices discover, send, and exchange information with other connected devices using the IP. A device indirectly connects to the cyberspace by first connecting to a network continued to the net, which then grants the device access to the internet.
This network may be your home internet service provider (ISP), a company network, or a wireless network. At habitation, an IP address is assigned to your computer past your Internet service provider, such as AT&T or Cox Communications. Your Internet access provider assigns an IP address to your computer. The cyberspace activity goes through it, and they route it dorsum to you using the address.
When you lot travel exterior your home, your IP address changes. When y'all connect to a different network, such as one from a java shop or at your work, you're using a different and temporary IP address to connect to the internet.
How to read an IP accost
There are two versions of the IP in utilise: IPv4 and IPv6. IPv4 used to be the standard version of IP addresses used for all devices. This version uses a 32-bit number format, meaning it's a cord of characters made upwards of 32 numbers. It can support a maximum of approximately 4.3 billion unique IP addresses. Due to the massive growth in devices connecting to the internet, the number of unique IPv4 addresses was eventually depleted.
IPv6 was developed as the new standard to alleviate this upshot, the first IPv6 accost existence assigned in 1999. In IPv6, the IP address size is increased from 32-bits to 128-bit. Additionally, letters tin can exist included along with numbers. This new version of IP address can theoretically back up an infinite number of unique addresses.
For the purposes of this guide, we'll ascertain how to read both an IPv4 and an IPv6 accost.
How to read an IPv4 accost
An IPv4 accost consists of 32 bits, limiting the address space to 4,294,967,296 possible unique addresses. This 32-bit number is written in decimal digits, formatted as four viii-fleck (known as an octet) fields separated by periods. These octets create an addressing scheme that accommodates unlike network types. The 5 different classes of networks are A through E, which is addressed further below.
Each 8-bit field represents a byte of the IP address. Each number in the set can range from 0 to 255. This form of repensenting the bytes of an IP address is often referred to as the dotted-decimal format. This IPv4 address may be presented in various hexadecimal, octal, or binary representations. Consider the image below:
IP addresses are broken into 2 parts: network address and host address. 
Network
The network function specifies the unique number assigned to the network. It also identifies the class of network assigned. The corporeality of octets that define the network part versus the host function vary on the course of network. For instance, in a Class A address, the network part is only the beginning octet while the rest is the host function. In a Class B accost, the first two octets are the network part, while the remaining two are the host office.
Host
The host is the function of the IP accost that is assigned to each host. It uniquely identifies the car on the network. For each host on a network, the network role of the address will exist the same, but the host part will be different.
Subnet mask
Subnetting is the process of dividing larger networking into smaller sub-networks (subnets).
An IP address identifies both a network and a unique interface on that network. A subnet mask is used by the IP to determine whether a host is on the local subnet or on a remote network.
It determines where the network part of an IP address ends and where the host function begins to place which part of the IP address is reserved for the network and which function is bachelor for utilise.
When an IP address is expressed in binary format (0s and 1s), any bit set to 1 means that the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network address. If the bit is gear up to 0, it's role of the host address. The $.25 marker the subnet mask must exist consecutive ones. About subnet masks beginning with 255 and continue until the network mask ends. There are many online calculators available to calculate the subnet mask, taking out the manual mathematical work needed in finding the mask numbers.
Classes A through Due east
Equally mentioned to a higher place, IP addresses are divided into classes. The near common classes are classes A,B, and C. There are also classes D and East, simply these aren't used by end users. Each form has a unlike default subnet mask and can exist identified by looking at the first octet of the IP address. The following tabular array gives an overview:
How to read an IPv6 address
An IPv6 address has 128 $.25 (16 octets), providing up to ii128 addresses. Not but was IPv6 designed to provide a sufficient amount of IP addresses, just it also redesigned routing within the internet past providing more than efficient aggregation of subnetworking routing prefixes. Information technology provides the opportunity to dissever the addressing infrastructure of a networking segment.
All modern desktop and enterprise server operating systems include native back up for the IPv6 protocol, but it's not yet widely used in devices such as residential routers, VoIP, and multimedia equipment.
IPv6 addresses are represented by 8 sets of four hexadecimal digits with each set of numbers separated past a colon. These addresses can include both numerical and alphabetical digits. An case looks like the image below:
IPv6 addresses are besides split into ii equal parts: network and host. The first 64-bit network role is used for routing. The second 64-scrap host role is an interface identifier used to place a host's network interface. A subnet mask is merely used in IPv4, not IPv6. In addition, IPv6 does not implement classes.
IP address FAQ
What is a private IP accost?
A private IP address is the identifier given to devices connected to a individual network. These addresses are only accessible by devices inside a private network. Private IP addresses are not all unique, as there are only a limited number of devices connected to a network at any given fourth dimension.
What is a public IP address?
A public IP address is the main address used for communicating between hosts and the global cyberspace. This accost is unique for all users. Public IP addresses come in two main varieties of their own: dynamic and static
What is a dynamic IP address?
Dynamic IP addresses change automatically and frequently. Most internet users are provided with a dynamic IP address from their ISP. The ISP buys a large chunk of IP addresses and automatically assigns one to each customer. They will then periodically reassign the customer a new IP address and recycle the quondam i.
This process is more secure for customers than keeping an IP address for a long period of time. It'southward much harder to hack into a single device or network interface if the IP accost keeps changing.
What is a static IP address?
In one case a network assigns a static IP accost, information technology remains the same. Nigh private users and businesses don't demand a static IP address, only for businesses planning to host their own server, it'due south necessary.
In maintaining your own server, having a static IP address ensures that any website or email address on it volition be tied to consistent IP addresses.
How do I find my IP address?
The easiest way to find your IP address is to utilize Google search. Type "what is my IP accost" every bit a search query and Google will show the IP address of the computer from which the query was received as the top search result.
Source: https://www.webopedia.com/insights/read-ip-address/
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